Redesign Select Server and Select User screens (#478)

Redesign Select Server and Select User screens with horizontal card
layout, similar to traditional streaming services

- Replace vertical lists with horizontal list of icons
- Center align text in Quick Connect and Username/Password modals
- Display Jellyfin profile images
- Fallback to first letter of username if no image is available
- Filter out duplicate server entries in the auto-discovery list

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Co-authored-by: Damontecres <damontecres@gmail.com>

app/src/main/java/com/github/damontecres/wholphin/services/ImageUrlService.kt

@@ -145,6 +145,8 @@ class ImageUrlService
                 imageIndex = imageIndex,
             )
 
+        fun getUserImageUrl(userId: UUID) = api.imageApi.getUserImageUrl(userId)
+
         /**
          * Just a convenient way to get the image URL and remember it
          */